Abū Bakr al-Turtūshī: An Andalusian Jurist in Fatimid Egypt

Author: 
Russell Hopley, Bowdoin College

The paper I propose to give at the conference Patronage and the Sacred Book in the Medieval Mediterranean shall consider the intriguing case of the Andalusian jurist Abū Bakr al-Turtūshī (d. 1126). Born in the city of Tortossa, Turtūshī left his native Andalusia to undertake the rihla to the cultural capitals of the Islamic east. Unlike many of his compatriots, however, Turtūshī never returned to Iberia, choosing instead to settle in Alexandria where he served at the court of the Fatimid vizier al-Ma’mūn b. al-Batā’ihī. Turtūshī composed a number of important works while resident at the Fatimid court, among them a letter to the Almoravid emir Yūsuf b. Tāshfīn, exhorting him to overthrow the Andalusian tā’ifa states, an influential fatwā condemning the works of al-Ghazālī, and several treatises on bid‘, “heresy”, one of which was devoted solely to enumerating the evils of consuming cheese made by Christians. My principle aim in examining these works will be to elucidate how they reflect a conscious effort on the part of Turtūshī to curry the favor of his Fatimid patrons. Conversely, I shall be equally interested in exploring how this orthodox Mālikī jurist intended his works to function as an overt critique not only of his Shiite overlords, but also of the Sufi brotherhoods that were proliferating throughout Egypt, and of the sizeable Coptic population that existed in Alexandria during his lifetime. Turtūshī’s use of citations from the Qur’ān and hadīth will come in for particular scrutiny, and I shall conclude by considering the place his works hold as examples of interfaith polemic at a particularly turbulent moment in the history of Mediterranean Islam.